TL;DR
Add a checkbox to have chest output items with the spoilage level (0 to 100, or amount of seconds left, or similar) of the most spoiled item/stack of each item type on that belt or in that chest in place of the item count.Why?
Spoilage progress of ingredients affects spoilage progress of products. However, there is no automated way of determining the spoilage level of an ingredient outside of if it already has spoiled (and thus, no longer exists) or not.As a result, there's no elegant way to deal with unfresh ingredients that one doesn't want degrading products or to handle items getting close to spoilage, such as pentapod eggs.
Why I think this fits: inserters already have the option for selecting most/least spoiled items when grabbing, so some means of reading spoilage exists.
Why this might not fit: it may not be intended to have a relatively easy way to filter out items close to but not yet past spoilage or to start up processes before a spoilage event takes place.
Bonus: Add the same for reading the spoilage levels of a biochamber's nutrients.