I found a temporary solution to this issue by setting the DRI_PRIME=1 env var, which forces the use of a discrete GPU, before starting the game but actually it should select the most powerful GPU automatically, like other games do.
In attached logs, you can see the only difference is in a selected GPU & VRAM size.
- factorio-previous.log was started without the DRI_PRIME=1 env var.
- factorio-current.log was started with it.