For the most part, this approach is realized through this simple mod: Train stations with multiple providers.
It adds a combinator to the game that knows how to change the name of a train stop based on logic network signals.
But why not build this system into the train stop itself? Let there be an additional research study, dependent on the Automated rail transportation and Circuit network studies, that unlocks a new train stop with an additional function. The additional function will be that if a logic network wire is connected to this stop, then in addition to the existing checkboxes, there will be another one available, including a panel where you can set conditions for the dependence of the name of this station on incoming signals. And let it be possible to make many such conditions in a dynamic list.
For example, it could look like this:

The screen I put together by hand.