I thought of what I think is a very clean and beautiful design to improve train interaction with the logistics network. This is by creating 3 new entities, a logistics requester arm, passive provider arm and active provider arm. These arms would look similar to how train stops look in 0.13 and would overhang cargo wagons. They would also have internal storage and function like their respective logistics chests. This way at you main base, you can use a requester arm and request the goods you want and they would be stored in the arm itself (visually maybe it can have a big box or crate beside the arm). Then when a wagon parks under it, it would load from it's own inventory into the wagon.
Then at the outpost you would use a passive provider arm and it would take goods out of the cargo wagon based on the limits it has set (you need to be able to set limits at least at the level of the cargo wagon, per stack) and just keep them inside until robots need them.
The active provider as you can all guess, would function in a similar manner to it's active provider chests.
I feel this would really improve train management and link it better with the logistics network.
This would also solve the issue of the cargo wagons needing to behave differently depending on what base you are at. Ie. having a requester wagon instead of an arm, would have this limitation, where you would want the wagon to behave differently at each stop as I described above.
