It appears my issue was that the graphics setting was on X11 for some reason. I changed it to Wayland and have been able to launch multiple times without crashing.

What did you do?
Launch the game with mods enabled, and reach the Main Menu

What happened?
The game crashed without any specific error

What did you expect to happen instead?
Play menu simulation and remain at the main menu normally

Does it happen always, once, or sometimes?
About 50% of ...