Accumulator power indicator in vanilla

[XKnight]

Recently, I was asked about accumulator power indicator, so this post is dedicated to this topic.
Obviously you can find some mod which will add this indicator to game or you can wait for several month until 0.13... But if you prefer vanilla game and don't want to wait so long - welcome aboard.

It is important to say that this indicator doesn't use anything "new" and it was possible to create it almost one year ago. Someone even said that my sensor is not a sensor at all, but this didn't stop me from using it

During last year this sensor was significant improved (now its creation process is much simpler, and it has higher accuracy), but idea remains the same...

Initial construction. Nothing special.

Stage1

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Filling with water... It is important to fill tank with ~255 water units, because this value corresponds to accumulator capacity (accumulator is completely discharged in 5000/300 = 16.66 sec, and half-pump transfers 16.66*0.5*30 = 250 units during this time, 5 water units is left to fill other part of this system). The simplest way to fill this tank is to use pump with condition "water<255".

Stage2

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Adding some stuff...

Stage3

st3.png (1.18 MiB) Viewed 11509 times

Adding electricity networks, priority is very important. Main network (yellow) has priority 4.

Stage4

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Last step before connecting to the main grid is to check that everything is working properly:
Hover you mouse over any pump inside WHITE network (marking is on the picture above) and write this command "/c game.player.print(game.player.selected.energy)": output should be 249.99999999965 or like this.

Unfortunately, this build is not perfect due to floating point errors in Factorio energy/flow simulation. For example if you leave it without main grid and check water amount in main tank you may see:
230.88554922131
230.88554922133
230.88554922134
230.88554922135
...
So, this build has some error and it is equal to 0,00000000001 water unit per second (or about this). In other words, if you play a single factorio game during 3170,9 years (without charging your accumulators to max level) you will receive 1 water unit error, which is about 0.4%. This is not so much
Accuracy of this measurement is also 1/250 = 0.4% (because signal always has integer value).

Interesting gif-example you may find here (it was some 3-month-ago-sensor, current version is the latest, but result is the same).

fun.png (1.08 MiB) Viewed 11509 times

Explanation how and why this works I will post tomorrow.

Notes:
* Yes, I know that I've put too many boilers.
* Yes, it is possible to make wiring using only small poles, but this makes construction process more difficult.
* And yes, you may use radars + pumps or whatever you want unstead of this beacon, but result will be the same (at least while energy consumption is the same).

[Neotix]

Ha, I knew that someday, someone will find a use for this hidden feature (viewtopic.php?f=8&t=4814)

Entire sensor is very interesting especially ability to show charge level on numeric display.
I have some questions but I wait for explanation and probably I find the answers in it.

[XKnight]

I am going to start this explanation by proving that this system is stable.
It means that tank always has the same amount of water inside with disconnected main grid.

ex1_.png (1.24 MiB) Viewed 11439 times

0: Everything starts from steam engine which produces 510 kW.
1: Because RED network (all marking you can find in stage4) has higher priority than GREEN, it receives 360kW (300kW to accumulator, and 2*30kW to small pumps).
2: Remaining energy (510-360=150kW) goes through GREEN network to the second accumulator.
3: BLUE network (with priority 3) transfers 300kW from the first accumulator to every machine within itself. This network has saturation level 300/1200=0.25 (available amount of energy divided by max consumption). As a result, a small pump in the yellow bar receives 30*0.25=7.5 kW from this network.
4: --This step is missed because main grid is disabled---
5: WHITE network transfers a piece of 150kW from the second accumulator (saturation level 150/600=0.25) to the small pump 30*0.25=7.5kW.
In total, small pump receives 7.5kW from BLUE network and 7.5kW from WHITE network = 15kW.
Because main tank is filled only with one pump (at full speed, 30kW) and is emptied with two pumps (15kW) water level remains the same.

Second example is a main grid that drains 100% of available power from all accumulators.

ex2_.png (1.21 MiB) Viewed 11439 times

Here everything is the same, except 4 step: main grid (YELLOW) drains all energy from the second accumulator because it has has higher priority than WHITE network. As a result, small pump receives 7.5kW only from BLUE network and 0kW from WHITE. This leads to filling main tank with speed 30kW-2*7.5kW = 15kW.

Last example is a main grid that produces so many energy which is limited only by accumulator charging rate.

ex3_.png (1.22 MiB) Viewed 11439 times

Here everything is the opposite: WHITE network transfers 300kW (150kW from steam and 150kW from main grid), saturation level is 300/600=0.5, and small pump receives 30*0.5=15kW.
Total amount of received energy is 7.5kW from BLUE and 15kW from WHITE = 22.5kW.
Сonsequently, main tank is emptied with 30kW-2*22.5kW = -15kW speed.

It is important to notice, that max filling speed should be equal to max empting speed for consistency reason.

Real example:
Imagine that you have 100 accumulators in main grid (with 5000kJ energy inside), and each of them is discharged with speed 30kW. What happens when we connect this sensor to the main grid? Because second accumulator became a part of this grid and has 150kW inside (from GREEN network) it will take part in energy distribution.

Some math

Without sensor:
main grid consumption: 100 * 30kW = 3 000kW
max consumption: 100 * 300kW = 30 000kW
drain total: 3 000 / 30 000 = 10%
drain per accumulator: 10% * 300 = 30kW
discharge time: 5000kJ (initial condition) / 30kW = 166.6sec

With sensor:
main grid consumption: 100 * 30kW = 3 000kW
max consumption: 100 * 300kW + 150kW (from the second accumulator) = 30 150kW
drain total: 3 000 / 30 150 = 9.95%
drain per accumulator in main grid: 9.95% * 300 = 29.85kW
discharge time: 5000kJ (initial condition) / 29.85kW = 167.56 sec <- first important value

Second accumulator also transfers 9.95% of its energy to the main grid: 9.95% * 150kW = 14.92kW.
Amount of energy in WHITE network: 150kW - 14.92kW = 135.08kW.
Saturation level in WHITE network: 135.08/600 = 0.225133.
As a result, small pump in WHITE network recieves: 7.5kW from BLUE and 30*0.225133 = 6.754kW from WHITE.
Total: 14.254kW.

Tank status: 30kW - 2 * 14.254kW = 1.492kW.
Tank will be filled in 250 (amount of water inside) / 1.492 (flow) = 167.56 sec. <- second important value

As you see, first important value is equal to the second important value, so it is proved.

Now we know that accumulator in the main network is synchronized with tank. Thanks to this, while measuring amount of water we also measure amount of energy in the main network.

Later I will add funny gifs.

Notes:
* building additional accumulators in the main network may influence accuracy of this measurement until these accumulators will be synchronized with network. So it is recommended to a) add only fully charged accumulators to the 100% charged main grid; or b) ignore this measurement during expanding time. Personally I prefer b)
* hometask for everyone who read to this place: create high-accurate sensor for specified region, like energy level is 10..20% and accuracy is 0.04%.

[yarekt]

Only had a few minutes to try this out, here is my attempt:


What seems to be happening is the right accu is always discharged. Makes sense, it is drained by pumps + beacon = 300kW, so even if its charged at 300kW all of its energy is going out straight away.

Network 4 is joined to my main network. I have a concern that since factorio joins networks by renaming the smallest network to the larger network's ID the Yellow network is actually getting a lower ID, one that was assigned when I built my first electric pole. Does this make sense?

Edit: I'm going to give this another go after some sleep time, tracing the power usage exactly by your description, XKnight. I'm positive that I have something incorrectly connected

[XKnight]

As I promised,

Here is something funny:

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Simple charging

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Notes: During recording I had to increase game speed up to 40x to make the whole process faster, but at the beginning and at the end game speed was switched back to normal. Also indicator receives value 0..100, but this value is reduced by one due to limitation of the display (only 2 digits), so every time when you see 98 you should think about 99.

Something more interesting

Here we have 4 steams, with next condition: energy level <10, <20, <30, <40; and a radar.

Animation2.gif (11.62 MiB) Viewed 11221 times

First steam enigine was enabled efter reaching 40%, and its power (510kW) is enough to keep accumulators at ~40%.
But after adding second radar (600kW total) energy level drops down to 30%, where second steam engine was enabled.
Together they were able to handle 2 radars.

Energy production:

2.png (68.82 KiB) Viewed 11221 times

[yarekt]

Right, I had a good go at it tonight. I'm pleased to report that it works exactly as advertised, with one caveat.

I tested it with 1 accumulator, and 6, result was the same once they synchronised.

Connecting the Yellow Network 4 to the main grid breaks the detector.

Connected to the main network on the right

which usually dips the accus to about 40% at night


Priorities are now swapped, The network 4 becomes ID 1 (I assume), which has lowest priority of all. Blue Network 2 supplies 0 power as 300kW is drawn from the main network now:


White Network 5 is at 150kW, i'm not quite sure if that is significant yet:

I assume that to make this work I will have to tear up and rebuild my main power network, to ensure it stays the same ID. Or create a dummy network out of Yellow Network 4 to be bigger than the main network, and then join them together, having factorio pick Network 4 as the winner.

Am I missing something ?

[XKnight]

I assume that to make this work I will have to tear up and rebuild my main power network, to ensure it stays the same ID. Or create a dummy network out of Yellow Network 4 to be bigger than the main network, and then join them together, having factorio pick Network 4 as the winner.

Indeed, probably I forgot to mention this important thing, because first time it happened with me accidentally.
Solution is simple: at first you should separate your main network into three approximately equal zones, lets say: A, B, C.
Only one zone will receive parent id (the biggest zone, lets say A).
B and C zones can be easily identified because they don't have any history in energy consumption/production screen.
After that you should merge zones B and C into one single network (lets say D).
Obviously, network D is bigger than A, so A will be destroyed after merging with D.
Finally you will have a single network D with the lowest priority on the map.

P.S. In fact, you can build sensor which will work only if main network has the highest priority. But I think you can figure out it by youself

[ssilk]

I like such good explanations, with gifs etc. Much work...

[Guu]

I also developed a battery charge sensor. it is much easier and responds to discharge pre- designated value .
it consists of several electric poles and then something that consumes energy for example three manipulator