The latest version 0.17.14 launches from steam. This issue has been resolved for me. What about you @hellolgq

This happens on steam. I was able to download the game from factorio.com and it runs!

https://www.factorio.com/download/experimental

I have the exact same thing happen to me. None of the 0.17.x versions launch successfully. Tried from 0.17.0 to 0.17.11.

Tried re-installing
Uninstalled and deleted all data folders
Launching with launch options

0.16 launches successfully.
I have no idea what else I can try.

This is on ...