The only entity that can render text is "flying-text", but you can't chose a font or special rendering for it. If one character is 32x32 pixels a 2048*2048 sprite sheet can hold 4096 characters, so you'd need less than 3 sheets for the most common characters. I.e. size wise it would be just fine ...

hi,everyone,im a factorio player from china,this is a awsome game!now i want to create mod to cn players.
here is the thing.
i want to create mod like 'text plates' with chinese. in eng,there only 26words,so they can simply create 26 img file and put it in mod
but in chinese,there are over 8500 word ...