Shows in terminal:

:~ albert$ /Users/albert/Downloads/factorio\ 2.app/Contents/MacOS/factorio ; exit;
0.000 2017-12-13 16:51:08; Factorio 0.16.1 (build 0, mac, alpha)
0.000 Operating system: macOS 10.12.6
0.000 Program arguments: "/Users/albert/Downloads/factorio 2.app"
0.000 Read data path ...

engineX wrote:I discovered that the 0.16 binary was not executable :

I had so was executable on my end.
Ya got the same error as the rest of us now it seems.

Does it crash if you restart your Mac and restart Steam?
Restart steam -> same happens.
Restar mac -> same happens.

Can you try reducing sprite resolution and VRAM usage in graphics settings and seeing if it makes any difference?
I've tried multiple settings in config.ini, nothing changed ...

Getting the same.
Some logs:

factorio.app/Contents/MacOS/factorio ; exit;
dyld: Symbol not found: __ZNSt19bad_optional_accessD1Ev
Referenced from: /Users/albert/Library/Application Support/Steam/SteamApps/common/Factorio/factorio.app/Contents/MacOS/factorio
Expected in: /usr/lib/libc++.1.dylib ...

REMOVED - looks like different bug.
Added to viewtopic.php?f=7&t=54549&p=321381#p321381.