another test on GF GTX 1070 8gb - on high settings of textures and all memory usage setting factorio works fine without this SSD spike, GPU-Z showing 2.2gb usage so it can be reason.Tested on my system just borrowed GPU from my friend.

ok i think i fixed that for me by playing with " video memory usage" setting just lowering it to medium and still using HD sprites. But it very interesting as GPU-Z showing only 1.5gb usage total on "all" and "high" values of that setting and 900mb on medium which work fine.
my vision of problem is ...

Just updated from 0.14.23 to 0.15.9
I understand that not stable release but have the same problems at high and medium settings.
wonder if that 660ti problem as i have same GPU

i7 4770k 4,6ghz
32gb RAM
asus NvidiaGF 660ti 2gb direct cu II
Windows 8.1 64x
game installed on SSD drive