another test on GF GTX 1070 8gb - on high settings of textures and all memory usage setting factorio works fine without this SSD spike, GPU-Z showing 2.2gb usage so it can be reason.Tested on my system just borrowed GPU from my friend.

ok i think i fixed that for me by playing with " video memory usage" setting just lowering it to medium and still using HD sprites. But it very interesting as GPU-Z showing only 1.5gb usage total on "all" and "high" values of that setting and 900mb on medium which work ...

Just updated from 0.14.23 to 0.15.9
I understand that not stable release but have the same problems at high and medium settings.
wonder if that 660ti problem as i have same GPU

i7 4770k 4,6ghz
32gb RAM
asus NvidiaGF 660ti 2gb direct cu II
Windows 8.1 64x
game installed on SSD drive