If you use Trend Micro then open the Trend Micro console, go to Settings, Exception Lists and add an exception for the Factorio folder (Steam/steamapps/common/Factorio) there.
Otherwise, what antivirus do you use?

You can try the following:
Run the game as administrator
Run the game as ...

I've tried reinstalling Factorio multiple times, deleted the folder in %appdata% and turned off SteamCloud sync.
Other people stated that they have a problem like this when they're running Razer software, but I don't own any Razer product so that can't be the reason for the crashes. I've also tried ...