Already implemented.

Use smart inserters or put a stationary wagon on a rail and limit what kind of items you need to store in it by pressing middle-click on empty slots. Resetting filters is done the same way.
You can also do it in your inventory.

This doesnt keep flying bots from putting any ...

Hi, im new to this. Heres my suggestion:

I want storage chest to be able to limit what kind if item can be stored in them, possibly in the same way a requester chest requests a certain amount of item X. There are 2 possible solutions:

1. Once you selected item X to be stored in quantity Y only ...