I ran into a crash which i believe is for the same reason. MP so no save game, and it was soft-modded, so logs may be quite noisy.
Another player was routing to where I was manually deconstructing rails. My game crashed.

Attached dump and log.

Bug: The game when modded does not save achievements. Not only does it one time not load achievements, but the game consistently will launch with this error and start with 0 achievements. Message "Failed to load local achievement data. Local achievements might be lost." on game start. Fai...

Just to add some more data, I'm also running into a similar issue viewtopic.php?f=7&t=61362
But I have the RX470 and it is correctly identified.
I'd thought the line of failed to load sprite was interesting and thus named my issue after that ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

0.000 2018-07-04 15:06:40; Factorio 0.16.51 (build 36654, win64, steam) 0.000 Operating system: Windows 10 (version 1803) 0.001 Program arguments: "C:\Program Files (x86)\Steam\steamapps\common\Factorio\bin\x64\Factorio.exe" 0.001 Read data path: C:/Program Files (x86)/Steam/steamapps/com...

Okay, sorry it didn't work out. Could have been something networking related since the game was tripping out before.

Also, FYI, I checked my RAM, it passed the check.

Got this desync, was playing on a vanilla MP server last night. Heading up to it the server started lagging for me (by form of "catching up", UPS was high and there was no buffer building) I desynced, the game did its save and reconnect, catch up thing. After I caught up it desynced again....