Alright, thank you all who posted their suggestions and questions, let me go through them.

.15 can use up over 2GB of VRAM so this is a possibility.
I've got a laptop with integrated HP GPU with ~1700 MB of memory, and an auxillary AMD GPU with 2.800 MB or memory. The switchable graphics are on ...

onebit wrote:

probably not enough of video memory.

Factorio ran perfectly pre-0.15.0. You are not helping.

https://i.gyazo.com/febe9c2f50b246a29a2d36a37e4289b9.png

Happened to me after the recent update.
0.005 2017-04-24 23:36:35; Factorio 0.15.1 (build 29050, win64, steam)
0.005 Operating system: Windows 10 (version 1607)
0.005 Program arguments: "C:\Program Files (x86)\Steam\steamapps\common ...

kinnom wrote:Could you upload the log?

As I've expected, the reboot solved the problem. And no, I cannot since the file doesn't exist in the app directory.

For a few times already after the Hotfix 0.3.15, my Factorio gets stuck on the Loading Mods phase (5%) and after that essentially freezes. I gave it time, but it didn't help. And I don't use any mods. Verifying game cache doesn't seem to solve the problem. Help?

OS: Win10 x64
Platform: Steam

EDIT ...