Deleting all relevant Factorio directories and re-downloading the game to my C:/ drive seems to have done the trick. Thanks!

Here is a relevant crash log:

0.000 2023-05-04 19:18:02; Factorio 1.1.80 (build 60618, win64, steam)
0.000 Operating system: Windows 10 (build 19045)
0.001 Program arguments: "D:\Steam\steamapps\common\Factorio\bin\x64\Factorio.exe"
0.001 Config path: C:/Users/willa/AppData/Roaming/Factorio ...