Uninstalled steam
Reinstalled steam
Reinstalled factorio steam client
Launch steam client, sync mods, and it works just fine.

Thanks for your help @loewnchen <3

Uninstalled steam client
Installed standalone client
Game launches and plays as expected!
Restored saves dir
Game launches as expected
Sync mods and the game plays as expected! :)
Install the steam client
Launch the steam client, and it immediately crashed
Launch the standalone client and it plays ...

Windows updates applied - no change
Graphics driver updated - no change

Game crashes on startup (screenshot of error message attached)

Logs and save file attached
Link to mods zip

Other particulars:
Steam client
Windows 11
Haven't loaded this save since January of this year
Deleted everything in the mods folder - no change
Uninstall and reinstall from steam - no ...