Pretty sure it's not about count of cars but about weight
Locomotive - 2000
cargo-wagon - 1000
fluid-wagon : 3000
The reddit post says a train facing backward is worth 2 cars - and it is; but because a locomotive is twice the weight
but that's really about acceleration. Top speed is absolute except by fuel type which gives a hidden multiplier that is not the same as the shown acceleration modifier.
there are heavier locomotives in mods (nuclear train for instance) and Youki railroads has one that 5000
don't think it's total air_resistance; though it would be an interesting experiment to make a low air resistance car and put it ahead of the front locmotive.
Also doesn't appear to matter where in the line you have the engines, 1 forward-1 backward- and then cargo; other than I guess going backward the air resistance of wagons is 0.01 (compares to a train 0.0075)
I've been playing with trains a lot -
https://mods.factorio.com/mods/d3x0r/tr ... ed-limiter which adjusts train speeds based on rail types.
Edit:
modified the cargo-wagon air-resistance to be 0.001, and put it behind the train, and train was a little slower; putting it ahead of the engine makes it go faster... so it is apparently the lead (what did they call them) stock that determines air_resistance.