How about something like the following.

A chest tracks the number of completely empty stacks.

It also has a list of:

item
quantity
used_stacks - equal to ceil(quantity/stack_size[item])), faster to store or derive?


If you try adding one more item than will fit in the number of stacks ...

Very nifty, but a number of comments:

For reasons of UPS, I'd probably prefer the more CPU-efficient algorithm; then again, trig functions are I think single-cycle on modern processors, but branch instructions can take significant numbers of cycles to resolve, so I'm uncertain which would actually ...

Have you seen the https://mods.factorio.com/mod/Fission%20and%20Fusion mod? The top tier fusion reactor looks like it might be less UPS-heavy than a vanilla nuclear setup?

It also adds https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator s, which consume no fuel, have no moving parts ...

I'm reasonably certain that one or more existing mods has one or more 'scrap' or 'waste' items that are generated as a side-product of the refining process that can then be further processed into useful raw products.

I'm not quite certain about the tech tree, but having the entire play area covered ...

I would think the most appropriate cargo handling vehicle for Factorio would be a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forklift .

If we're modelling a forklift in-game, it would be a vehicle that's roughly 2x1 in shape, which can turn around its own centre (like the tank); the centre of the model being ...

As far as I can tell I have the same issue; I've attached my mods folder and logs to see if that helps.

"Access Violation: Read at address 00000000000000C8" 170 seconds after loading the attached save file.

Possibly a corrupted save file?

Given enough utilisation to amortise the infrastructure costs, electric trains are strictly superior to fuel-burning trains IRL.

I could see an individual wagon not having as much power as a dedicated fuel-burning locomotive, but if you have each wagon provide (say) 1/3rd of the power of a ...